Bichon Frise: Characteristics, Temperament and Essential Care

Being one of the most good-natured varieties in the dog world is already saying a lot, since all Bichons are naturally friendly. The Frise stands out for its constant need for cuddles and affection, making it ideal for people who tend to wear their heart on their sleeve. These dogs tend to become the centre of attention wherever they go, thanks to their cottony coat and intense dark eyes. Discover more about the Bichon Frise, or Curly-Coated Bichon, below.

Physical characteristics of the Bichon Frise

Seen from the side, Bichon Frises have an elongated look. They always walk with their head held high, which highlights their majestic bearing. The back is slightly arched, while the chest isn't overly narrow. The legs are moderately wide, with powerful hindquarter thighs. They usually carry the tail raised and curved, without resting it on the back.

The head is proportional to the rest of the body and, being covered in hair, appears rounded even though it's actually flat underneath. It's completely covered in white hair and shows three dark points forming an inverted triangle: the two eyes and the nose. The muzzle is short and wide, with flat cheeks. The ears, set just above the eyes, hang forward.

The coat has a double layer, with a soft, dense undercoat. It isn't fully straight, corded or woolly. Matted coats aren't desirable either. According to the standard, the Bichon Frise's characteristic colour is pure white. Some dogs are born with a slightly darker shade, with cream or champagne tones.

• Height: between 25 and 29 cm, according to the FCI. Tolerance is +1 cm for males and -2 cm for females.
• Weight: 5 kg, in proportion to the dog's size.
• Temperament: sociable, adaptable and affectionate.
• Coat: curly and very abundant all over the body.
• Health: may show hip dysplasia, luxating patella, cataracts and bladder problems.
• Life expectancy: around 14–15 years

Temperament of the Bichon Frise

Few dog breeds have such an easy-going personality. They're almost always in good spirits and friendly by nature. They have no problem being petted or joining you on an outing. They're perfect dogs for family life, whether in a busy household or as company for someone living alone.

If there are children in the family, of any age, they'll become inseparable playmates, since the Bichon Frise needs friends for its games and mischief. Just remember that, given their fragile build, children should be taught to handle them gently. Interactions between children and dogs of any breed should always be supervised.

Because of their deep need for company, they tend to develop separation anxiety if left alone too much. Under these circumstances, don't be surprised if they bark or destroy everything in their path: they'll be signalling that they're struggling being left alone for long stretches.

This breed also learns tricks very quickly. That said, they can also be a bit stubborn, especially around toilet training. Either way, patience and firmness get better results than excessive strictness, since they're very sensitive dogs.

What care does a Bichon Frise need?

Its stunning white coat needs quite a bit of attention. Brushing is recommended two or three times a week, though daily is even better if you can manage it. Bathing is also needed at least once a month.

Given their size, these little dogs can easily settle into a small living space. However, their exercise needs are moderate, so you'll need to take them out for daily walks and have frequent play sessions. Mental and physical activity is the best way to keep your Bichon Frise balanced.

Another tip: don't overprotect them too much. Many people carry them around all day in a bag or in their arms, which backfires, as it can make them fearful or overly demanding.

Finally, check its face weekly, especially around the eyes, where discharge and mucus tend to build up. Keeping this area clean prevents eye infections. Ears should also be checked weekly to remove hair growing inside the ear canal, since it can cause certain conditions.

History of the Bichon Frise

This variety is closely linked to the island of Tenerife, from where it spread across the rest of Europe. Its name comes from the French term "Barbet Chien," a reference to the Barbet breed, which has a similar coat. Over time the name evolved into Barbichon, eventually settling as Bichon.

During the Renaissance it became one of the favourite dogs of the French, English and Spanish aristocracy. Like many other breeds, it nearly went extinct during the world wars. The French and Belgian kennel federations were most involved in its recovery, which is why the breed is sponsored by both countries.

Fun facts about the Bichon Frise

Bichon Frises are well suited to people with allergies, since they shed very little hair and what does come loose gets trapped in their coat. To prevent unmanageable tangles from forming, they need frequent brushing. This also helps prevent potential skin problems.

The French Revolution was an unfortunate turning point for Bichons. Accustomed to courtly life, the popular uprising that ended the aristocracy also put an end to their privileges. However, thanks to their great intelligence, elegant appearance and quick learning, they soon found work in street performances and circus shows. Later, they became established as an ideal companion dog for the home.